Is there any evidence in support of the protective role of vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids on the advance of autoimmune disease?

Abstract

Vitamin D has long been regarded as an immunomodulator with the potential to suppress autoreactive immune responses. Its role as a possible protective factor for the future development of overt autoimmune disease remains a matter of ongoing debate. In the clinical setting, it is very difficult to dissect the exact role, if any, of vitamin D, either in the induction or in the progression of autoimmune disorders. However, recent evidence has raised great expectations. The VITAL study recruited more than 25,000 older adults in the USA and provided data suggesting that daily supplementation with 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D, or its combination with omega 3 fatty acids for a total of five years induced a significant reduction in the incidence of specific autoimmune diseases. Herein, we further discuss the noteworthy findings of this study and its wider implications for the management of patients at risk of developing autoimmune disorders.

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